黄土丘陵小流域生态用水试验研究——气候和土地利用变化的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

黄奕龙  陈利顶  傅伯杰  王仰麟 《水科学进展》2006,17(1):14-19

为探讨黄土高原地区的生态恢复,以半干旱黄土丘陵区安家沟小流域的气象、土壤水分、地形图和土地利用图(1982年和2002年)为源信息,分析了不同植被类型的蒸散量和生态用水量、流域生态用水量及其与气候和土地利用变化的关系。研究结果表明:(1)流域土地利用结构从1982-2002年间变化较大,农地(特别是梯田)增加较快,乔木林地急剧减少,主要表现为毁林、开荒和造田;(2)研究区内各种植被/土地利用类型的蒸散量和生态用水都极大地受控于气候(特别是降雨量)的影响,其年际差异较大;(3)不同植被/土地利用类型间的蒸散量和生态用水差异明显,在各个年份乔灌林的生态用水量均大于农作物和自然草地的蒸散量和生态用水量,但生态用水的差异程度小于蒸散量的差异程度;(4)以自然草地(即荒草地)为标准,农作物的蒸散量和自然草地接近,但乔灌林地的蒸散量和生态用水量均远高于自然草地,难于实现土壤水分平衡;(5)流域土地利用结构的变化(主要是强耗水植被的减少)减小了流域生态用水量,增强了流域的水分平衡能力。  相似文献   

基于鹭类生境需求的海岸带海陆一体化修复     

张雅棉  黄智君  李玉  陈志鸿  王文卿 《湿地科学与管理》2021,(1):56-60

以泉州湾河口湿地为研究对象,开展海陆一体化修复工程,包括滩涂红树植物种植和互花米草控制、鱼塘改造和退养还湿、海陆交错带植被修复等手段。通过评估植被和生境恢复情况,对比修复前后鹭科鸟类的群落组成变化,探讨滨海湿地修复对鸟类的生态作用和修复的有效性。结果表明:修复工程开展后,滩涂和鱼塘生境得到了改善;海陆交错带植被覆盖率和植被指数NDVI呈上升趋势;研究区内共记录到鹭科鸟类11种18164只次;与修复前相比,修复后第2年鹭类种类和数量均呈现一定程度的下降;修复后第4年鹭类数量显著增加。泉州湾河口湿地修复工程为鹭类提供了更多适宜的栖息环境,对鹭类多样性保护具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Research on Ecological Protection and Restoration Measures in Altay Region based on the Coupling Perspective of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands System     

LI Yi  LIU Yujie  ZHANG Qiang  ZHU Sufeng  LIU Hao  LIU Shufang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(6):791-800

The adoption of both Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and a system perspective is a hot issue and an area in which there is much room for improvement in ecological protection and restoration. The study takes Altay region as an example, an area located in Xinjiang, China, which is an important ecological corridor of the national key functional area and the core area of the Belt and Road but has a fragile ecological environment and needs much enhancement in ecological protection and restoration. Guided by the concept of “mountains-rivers-forests- farmlands-lakes-grasslands (MRFFLG) system is a life community”, the coupling relationship of the various MRFFLG elements, the main ecological environmental problems and the integrated countermeasures for protection and restoration in Altay region have been analyzed in this study. The study shows that Altay region has a typical meta-ecosystem of mountain, oasis, and desert, and the connections by rivers and lakes make the ecosystem links within the region much closer. The interweaving of resource-environmental-ecological issues of the aquatic ecosystem, degradation of the quality of terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and farmlands, the increased ecosystem fragmentation and ecological risks are the major ecological environmental issues in this region. This study takes the improvement of the ecosystem health and function in Altay region as the core goal of regional ecological protection and restoration. First, we establish a zoning governance pattern from the perspective of ecosystem integrity; second, we design governance strategies for different zones with the goal of synergistic improvements in the ecosystem functions; and finally, we clarify the key engineering tasks in different zones from the perspective of ecosystem services. Ecological conservation and restoration of the MRFFLG system is a prime example of the application and development of NbS in China. This paper constructs an analytical framework for identifying regional life communities, diagnosing ecological protection and restoration of zoning problems, and proposing classified solutions for ecological protection tasks for the protection of the MRFFLG system. This research will enrich the theory and technology for the protection and restoration of MRFFLG systems, and provide guidance for the practice of ecological protection and restoration in Altay region.  相似文献   

Practical Exploration of Ecological Restoration and Management of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands System in the Irtysh River Basin in Altay,Xinjiang     

LIU Hanchu  FAN Jie  LIU Baoyin  WANG Li  QIAO Qin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(6):766-776

The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia. Here, the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands system (MRFFLGs) pilot project in the Irtysh River Basin is refined, by complying with the core concept, i.e., “mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are a community of life”. The solution stresses the specific characteristics of ecologically protecting and restoring MRFFLGs in the Irtysh River Basin, which aim to reduce ecological water use, soil erosion, forest and grassland degradation, the ecological destruction of mines, water environment pollution and other issues. With overall protection, system restoration, district policy, and problem orientation as the overarching ideas, 162 sub-items of 44 major items with seven categories have been designed and implemented in the project. In addition, some highlights of the management experience that are worth promoting when the pilot project is being implemented are also summarized (e.g., the use of laws to solve historical problems, scientific argumentation and third-party evaluation, proactive guidance for the engagement of people, modern information technology support, and integration with local sustainable development). Lastly, four policy suggestions are proposed: (1) Building a model of systematic protection and restoration by using basins as the basic geographic unit; (2) Establishing and optimizing key weak links of systems and mechanisms; (3) Focusing on remedying the shortcomings of regional talents, technology and capital; and (4) Promoting the MRFFLGs project to integrate “industry, city, people, and tourism” for carrying out a large-scale system project.  相似文献   

广东省自然保护区生态网络评价及其生态修复建议     

袁少雄  宫清华  陈军  王均  黄光庆  刘峰 《热带地理》2021,41(2):431-440

以广东省自然保护区作为生态源地,利用最小累积阻力模型,分析潜在生态廊道,通过增加河流与高速公路廊道形成综合生态网络（CEN）,并利用α指数、β指数、γ指数和成本比对CEN进行评价,结果显示：由潜在生态廊道构成的基础生态网络（BEN）,α、β、γ指数分别为0.54、2.02和0.70,说明其能使广东省自然保护区结构复杂化并形成有效链路;将河流廊道加入BEN形成河流生态网络,其结构更加完善,但因河流本身是两岸基质连通阻力较大的因素,其α、β、γ指数均比基础生态网络有所降低,分别只有0.33、1.64和0.55;由自然保护区、潜在生态廊道、河流廊道、道路廊道、生态节点组成的综合生态网络,α、β、γ指数分别达到0.68、2.34和0.79,说明道路生态廊道的加入,可以弥补河流生态网络的弱点,使网络形成良好回路,对生态网络的稳定性有重要作用。在当前国土空间生态修复的背景下,建议建设、修复生态廊道47条、生态节点52个,以改善自然保护区孤岛化,促进自然保护区之间的物种交流,提升生态系统服务功能,可为广东省的生态修复、生态安全格局构建提供核心框架。  相似文献   

国土空间生态修复布局研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王晨旭  刘焱序  于超月  刘小茜 《地理科学进展》2021,40(11):1925-1941

实施国土空间生态修复是新时期生态文明建设的重要途径。国土空间生态保护与修复的布局影响着保护实施力度、工程修复成效以及社会资源分配,是科学开展生态修复工作的前置条件和基础环节。论文在辨析生态修复相关概念关联的基础上,从区域识别和时序判别2个层面出发,结合文献计量学分析整理了国际生态修复布局研究现状,梳理了景观“格局—过程—服务—可持续”理论范式在国土空间生态修复布局研究中的应用。论文提出了支撑可持续发展的生态保护修复目标构建、以社会满意度为导向的生态修复时空需求权衡、面向多重成本的生态修复成本科学评估、在生态刚性约束背景下的基于自然解决方案、恢复力思想下生态保护和人工修复决策阈值、基于时空模拟的生态保护与修复工程选址决策6项重要研究趋向,从而架构了耦合社会—生态目标的国土空间生态修复布局研究路径,以期为国土空间生态修复相关研究和实践提供参考。  相似文献   

Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in shaanxi province based on accurate-restoration北大核心CSCDCSSCI     

Xiang Y.  Cao M.  Qin J.  Wu C. 《地理科学进展》2021,(9):1544-1556

Landscape genes of traditional rural settlements are a hotspot of settlements' landscape research. Based on existing research, this study defined the landscape genetic information chain and its hierarchy. The general life-like variation mechanism of landscape genes in traditional rural settlements was also proposed. On these bases, considering the landscape characteristics of traditional rural settlements in Shaanxi Province, the landscape genetic information chains of traditional rural settlements in the province were constructed and the general variation mechanism and characteristics of traditional rural settlements in the province were proposed. A theoretical framework of accurate restoration of the traditional rural settlements' landscape genetic information chain was further put forward. In addition, accurate restoration was applied to the typical settlement with variation in Shaanxi Province as an empirical case. The results verified the necessity and operability of accurate restoration. This research provides some thoughts and methods that are fresh and original for the protection and activation of traditional rural settlements from a landscape genetic perspective. © 2020, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

北京建材化工厂采石场边坡生态修复施工实践     

夏长华  方雪松 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(3):90-94

通过北京建材化工厂采石场边坡生态修复工程,论述了高边坡的治理措施：削坡、抗滑桩、挡墙和锚喷,采用种植槽和阶梯复绿法进行绿化,并采取了水利配套措施,取得了良好的经济、生态和社会效益。  相似文献   

科技支撑新疆塔里木河流域生态修复及可持续管理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈亚宁  李卫红  陈亚鹏  朱成刚 《干旱区地理》2018,41(5):901-907

塔里木河流域地处我国西北新疆,面积约102×10⁴ km²,是我国丝绸之路经济带建设的核心区。在过去50 a里,塔里木河流域经历了大规模的水土资源开发,经济社会发展的同时,河道断流,湖泊干涸,沙漠化加剧,生物多样性受损,生态隐忧日益加剧,已威胁塔里木河流域绿洲经济发展和社会稳定,严重影响国家"丝绸之路经济带"建设。荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室针对塔里木河流域的生态环境问题,开展了长期的生态监测与科学研究,基于多年监测调查数据,解析了塔里木河荒漠河岸林植被与地下水的关系,揭示了生态系统退化过程和机理,提出了塔里木河下游合理/胁迫/临界地下水位与流域生态需水量,研发提出的退化生态系统修复重建关键技术得到推广应用;提出的重点生态工程建设方案,被纳入《南疆水利规划》;提出的流域水资源管理建议被国家采纳并实施。科技支撑塔里木河流域生态修复及可持续管理,为丝绸之路经济带生态文明建设提供了重要科学依据和示范样板。  相似文献   

Dilemmas of State-Led Environmental Conservation in China: Environmental Target Enforcement and Public Participation in Minqin County     

KuoRay Mao  Qian Zhang 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(5):615-631

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the acute socioecological crisis in the Minqin region of China’s Gansu province beginning in the 1980s and the multilevel, governmental response to that crisis in the first two decades of the 21st century. Drawing on extensive field research and interviews in the area, supplemented by analysis of available data, the paper presents a detailed case study of the development and implementation of the Shiyang River Watershed Restoration Plan in the period 2007–15. The case illustrates how conflicting policy objectives of the central state-led conservation project shaped patterns of interaction between local government officials, cadres, and farmers in Minqin County as well as ensuing outcomes and challenges in policy implementation. The study finds that top-level declaration of ecological and social issues in the watershed as a national security issue incentivized local government officials and cadres to overlook the Plan’s provision for local consultation, in favor of meeting binding ecological and economic targets. It contributes to scholarship on environmental authoritarianism, illuminating structural factors and institutional constraints that shape local government officials’ and cadres’ behavior in a centrally administered environmental policy context.  相似文献